Which voice indicates that the subject is the recipient of the action?

The passive voice indicates that the subject is the recipient of the action. In sentences constructed in the passive voice, the focus shifts from the doer of the action to the recipient. For example, in the sentence "The book was read by the student," the book (the subject) is receiving the action of being read, rather than performing it. This structure is useful when the emphasis is on the action itself or the recipient, rather than who performed the action. Understanding passive voice is essential for effective writing, as it allows the writer to manipulate the emphasis and clarity of a sentence.