Which grammatical relation involves a word and a noun phrase that follows it?

The correct answer is apposition, which refers to a grammatical construction in which a noun or noun phrase (the appositive) is placed next to another noun or noun phrase to provide further detail or clarification. In this structure, both the appositive and the noun it follows typically refer to the same entity.

For instance, in the sentence "My brother, a talented musician, is coming over," the phrase "a talented musician" is in apposition to "my brother," providing additional information about him. This relationship makes it clear that the two noun phrases refer to the same person while expanding on the first noun.

Understanding apposition is essential in writing, as it helps create more complex and informative sentences, allowing the writer to convey nuanced ideas without overly complicated sentence structures. This is particularly useful in both formal writing and everyday communication.